Carbureter.



CHARLES I.. NEDOMA, oF

UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEioE.

DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR F GIVE-HALF TO FRANK HAWLEY, OF DETROIT,IMICHIGN. ii

f' CARBURETER.

13222236. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Apr. 1o, 1917.

i. Application filed March 2, 1916.

if To allwhom t may concern.'

Q4 `15e it'known that I, Cir-uniss L. Navona, "alsubject ofthe Emperor of Austria-Hunijgary, and residing at Detroit, in the county 5. ofWVayne and State of Michigan, have iii- '.v .nted a` new and improved Carhureter, of vyvhich the following is a speciiieatioii.

,i This invention relates primarily to earlbureters known as the automatic type in yy`1,0` vwhich the flow of liquid fuel is controlled bythe action of an air controlled valve7 and .inivhich the size of the air passage in prox .iniity to the point of fuel discharge is gov- -.erned by the air velocity, although some of :.lnits features may be applied to carhureters 'other types.

y.d3-The high speed gasolene engines recently .developed demand a fuel feeding ai'iparatus 'that-is' efficient' throughout a range of speed i 100 to SQOO or more revolutions per .ariiunute.;y and to accomplish the best results ..it, isfpi'ind that the air passage should he -smallat idling speed or at slow motor speed' .linder'full load, and should increase promg-iportionately with the speed of the motor; i also that the flow of fuel should he con- `trolled during the whole range of motor speed, and should he applied to the air current in a series of small streams, rather than k .in'one or more larger'streains. l l A primary object of the present. inven ,tion is to provide an apparatus whereby thel supply of ai and fue] is regulatedas .i "five set forth, and also to provide means V3.5 [.fi, increasing the discharge of liquid fuel i' upon the sudden opening of the throttle,

said means beingl arranged to resist the sud- ",Men (ipening of the automatic `valve and to 1 Qthe latter -to close quickly when the tlc isI closed. Other objects are to pro 1 eineans forcontrollingthe flow 'of fuel tlrreference to the movementof the autoy air .valve duringr the whole range of iton Vwhereby it may be either in- 5 fed or decreased as the valve is lifted.V

(The. usual needle Yalfve control provides .means acting only one way7 namely, to con-l stantly increase the flow of fuel as the valve lifted and at a rate that is not conduciveeiiici'ency under certain conditions); to provide means for adiustii'ig'r the carbureter with regard to atmospheric conditions without disturbing the adjustment in respect to range and rate of increase of flow of. fuel;

toprovde an `apparatus in which the fuel.l

Serial No. 81,590.

is thoroughly atoinized and. in which the discharge'of fuel fiom a plurality of jets. is controlled at the discharge opening of the jets.

The several novel features comprised in the invention will he more fully described hereinafter and will he imrticiilarly'pointed out in the suhjoined claims.

In 'the einhodiunnts of my invention shown, the nn'ivemcrt of the automatic air valve is translated through. cani means into a rotarv movement of a tubular fuel control valve that sweeps over the discharge orifices of a series of very thin fuel discharge .passages with which the device is provided;

thus allowing a mu :h liner adjustment of fuel delivery than would be the case if the air valve regulated .he flow of fuel to' the hy ineansof a needle valve or meteringi pin. 'Because of the arrangement stated, a part or the whole o the motion of the air valve can be utilized to vary the flow of fuel, and the motion of the air valve in one direction may `also .he utilized to cause an alternating motion of the fuel valve, if desired, that is, a` motion wherein the flow of fuel in respect to theI flow ofrair, is first increased .and afterxvrrd diminished, or the reverse. i

In the drawings, l `igure l is a longitudinal vertical section through a carhureter of the concentric float type in which my invention is embodied. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary elevation of the loiver portion of the carlnireter looking from the right in Fie. 1. Figs. 3, t and 5 are sections on the .lines i4-9i. '-l-t and 5-5 of Fig.. l. 4 Fig.V 6 shows in longitudinzl cross section a series of ycamaof modified .sonstruction, the curves which they assume upon bending being indicated in dashed lines. Fig. 7 is a perspcctive view of the jet plate. Fig` 8 is a. fragmentary perspe( tive view of the upper eudof the-tubulariuel valve. Fig.' 9 is a loneiitudinal section through. a. second embodiment of my invention taken on a line corresl'ionding to the line .9-9 of Fig. l. Fig. 410 is anY elevation of the controlling cani lookingfroln the right in Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a similar view showing a cani 0f differ-V ent contour.

Similar reference parts throughout the several views.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, 1 indi 'catas 4the body' of :he earbureter and incharacters' refer 1to like closed thereby is an annular fioat chamber, the supply of fuel for which is controlled by the fioat 2 and valvel 3 in the usual way; adjruent the float chamber and preferably integral with the body is an auxiliary fuel chamber 4. that is connected to the float chamber by aduct or passage 5. The inner wall. 6 of the float chamber forms an air passage 7, and is provided at its upper end with the face 8in which .is located a circular fuel groovel 9 that is supplied lwith fuel through the passages 10. `he wall is externally threaded upon its upper end to receive' a ring 12 by which the annular jet plate 13, preferably of very thin lsheet metal, is clamped in position. This plate has notches lit in its inner periphery which communicate with the circular fuel groove 9 and open into the air passage, thus forminLgr narrow slot-like discharge jets for fuel. It will. be observed that the faces of the wall (i and the ring 12 are beveled or flared to form a valve seat, and that the jet plate. lies at faibstantially right angles thereto. The float chamber i5 provided with the cover 15 havingan annular shoulder 16 that extends into sealing1 eng-agement with the ring l2 and'converges up ardly as indicated at 17 to a restricted portion 18 across which a butterfly valve 1f) is movable in the usual way. Below the float chamber the body of the carbureter is shaped to form a laterally turned warm air intake j )assage Qt) (to which warm air may' be supplied in any suitable n'ianncr) and a similar col-d air pas- I sage 21, the latter being controlled by a butterfly valve (.onfm'mingA to the wall of the passage 7 is a rotatal'ilc tubular fue] valve 24 having a tlarintgl upper end 25 in which slots 2o, cor rcsponflimlI substantially in number and size, to the fuel jets, are formed; and arranged to ajiproach and recede vl'rom the flaringv end of the fuel valve is a conical air valve 2S of the automatic type, the stem 2!) of4 which extends vertically through asleeve El() in terposcd between it and the boss 2 9 on the lower wall ol the air passages 20--21- hlcans, hereinafter described, are provided .fior imparting rotary movement to the `stem as the valve rises, and this movement is transl'riitted to the fue] valve 24 through a cross-bar or spider 31, the ends of which slide in'longgitudinal grooves 32 in the inner wall of? the 'fuel valve. It will be understoml that-the cylindrical portion of the valve 21 moves practically without friction within thc wall the valve is provided on its lower end with a'n extension 253 including a guide ring 214, and the sleeve 5l() has a flange '55 upon its upper cud and is threaded at its lower end to receive aA nul .'-t whereby the valve 'may he drawn downwardly to bring its flaring upper end into close relation to the seat.

It will be observed that the flow of fuel is controlled directly at the outlet of the discharge openings; also that by the use of a proper movement reducing mechanism the total'free opening through the fuel passages may be regulated with extreme accuracy by and with reference to movement of the air valve and stem. A preferred mechanism for this purpose is constructed as follows Extending downwardly from the body is a brtufket or support 40, the lower horizontally-turned end 4l of which is threaded to receive ay perforated nut 42 through which the valve stem is vertically slidable. The end 4l vsupports a collar 45S that includes a socket 45 in which is receivedthe preferably spherical end of an adjusting screw 4.6. that passes through the bracket t() on a line -oflset from the cent-er line of the valve stem. Rigid with the collar t3 and rising therefrom is a bracket arm 4S through the upper end of which passes a second offset adjustirugr screw if), similar to the screw htti, the spherical end of which engages with an upper collar that is rotatably mounted on the boss 29 on the body; and extending' between the arms and 52E that are formed, respectively, on the collars 43 and 50, is a tiexible cam 5l. (preferal'ily a thin strip of metal) that serves as a guide for the cam follower 55 and cam follower spring 56 which are pin connected to the valve stem at 58. V

As indicated in Fig'. (i, the cam ot uniform thickness may be replaced by cams 5t),l the thickness of which va ries. \\-'hereby, when the upper collar is adjusted in respect to the lower collar, the degree of curvature imparted to the cam may be made to vary at different pointsin the length thereof, thus estal'llishingr a line of curvature which corresj'ionds more -nearly to the line upon which the particular engine will give maxi mum efliciency. rPhus the rate of change in the supply of fuel may be made to vary at different points in the range of the engine.

Within the air passage the valve stem bears the ring collar (i0, between the flanges of which is received the divided end (il of a lever G2 which is pivoted in the body at 63 and has its-other end divided and in e gagemeut with. the ring collar 64 that is carried on the lower end of a plunger rod G5.

'lhs rod extends u iwardl throiwh'a uide sleeve G6 in the chamber 4 and is attache-d to the tubular float bearing sleeve 68 to which the annular float 6!) is secured in anydesired anner, for example, by the flange 70 and rng 7l. 'lhe cork float shown may 'he replaced by one formed of a hollow metal shell.

Rejerringnow to the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. t) and 1.0, and rememberine,r that Fig. 9 is a` section on 4aili'ne corresponding to the line 9-9 i "off Fig. 1, it Will beseen that with the -85,"bent outwardlyfrom thebody of the cam',is rigidly lsecured to the lower end of fanladjusting bolt 86 that passesthrough and 'fits closely in a bore 88 ,in a 'supporting '15 b'oss 89 on the carburetor' body. Arnut 90 determines the initial adjustment `of the cam, and consequently the initial rale of flow, while the shape 'of they slot 82 controls the subsequent variation inl, they size of the discharge orifice. As shown in Fig. l0, this slot may cause the free 4discharge openings to increase in size substantially in proportion to the movement ofI the air valve; lin 'the form indicated inFig. 11, the iu- 25,i creasel is first relatively rapid, then slow `(or there may actually be a decrease), and then '-i'somewhat more rapidly. The shape of the r cam Will, of course, be modified to corre- -spond totheneeds of the particular ensoigine" and service on which it is to be used. Review of operation-As the suction is lapplied to the air valve in the embodiment shown in Figs, 1 to 5, the valve rises, which, through the stem 29, cam follower 535-56 `and cam 54,' imparts rotative movement to the 'fuel vvalve 24 sufiicient t'o vary the free opening through the very thin notches in the jet plate in accordance with the normal demands of the engi-ne. rThis fuel, be-

40- ing delivered through therwall of the air passage? and at substantially right vangles -to the. thin sheet of air, is atomized more completely than is the case in ordinary con,u structions, and at the same time a more accurate and reliable conti-oli df the varying rrate ofwfuel ,supply is' obtained than has tudei or weather 4Withoutdisturbing lthe` range-adju'stment obtained through thev sserewil 6'0. 'flhecperation of the carbureter shown in hmremaining figures is substantially'the `saine with the exception that since the contour of the cam is of permanent character,` ,the more ready range adjustment of the first construction is missing. .It will be noticed .ubeenpossible heretofore. Should the load be i lmeans for temporarily raising or lowthat the suction controlled valve is in this instance provided with grooves by means .of which air is directed inclose relation .to

. n n s l l the ends of the jets whenthe engine is idling;

in the embodiment first descrlbed the valve 70` is adjusted so as to ha ve a slight clearance for the same 'purpose I t is obvious that th 3- details of construc- 1 tion may be varied within wide limits Withl. A carbureter coznprising means forgo forming an air passage, a fuel reservoir, a

plurality of fuel passages in con'imunication with sai'd reservoir, vsaid passages opening into said air passage through the Wall thereof, means for regulatir g the size of the free 35 opening through the fuel passages, said means being operative at the discharge ends v ot said passages, a siction controlled air valve, and means whereby a movement of 'e the air valve is made t) control the opening 90 regulating means for the fuel passages.

2. A 'carbureter eonprising means for forming-an air pass-agen fuel reservo'ir, a plurality of fuel passage'sin communication with said reservoir, said passagesopening'95, into said air passage through the wall thereof at substantially the same level, means for regulating the free communication of the iassa es with the reservoir said means section, a fuel reservoir, a plurality of fuel passages in communication with said reservoir,l said passages opening into said air passage through the v'all thereof, a rotary fuel valve for regulatiig the free com-inunication of the .passages with the reservoir, a seat With which the uel valvel cooperates a suction controlled air va.lve,andmeans `whereby the air valve rotates the fuel valve to control the flow 'if fuel without :1p- V preaching or receding froml said seat.

4. .A lcarluueterv coinprlsing means for forming an air passage .circular in cross section, a, fuel reservoiiga plurality of fuelpas'- sages in communication with said reservoir, saldpassages opening into said air passage through the outer wall thereof, a. rotary ftubu'lar fuel valve ha\ ing passages there` through corresponding` toV the fuel passages for determining the 4free opening through said fuel passages, a. suction controlled valve arranged to approach and recede fr'dmg the discharge ends of the passages, and means whereby the ai,r valve controls the rotary fuel valve.

5. A carbureter comprising in combination' a tubular casing forming an air passage, a fuel jet leading to the air passage, a fuel valve conforming to the wall of thl-air passage for regulating the sizeof the free opening through the fuel jet, a suction oontrolled air valve, and means whereby a movement of the air valve is made to cause a simultaneous movement of the fuel valve whereby the size of the opening through the jet is determined.

(5. A carburetor comprisingr in combina.- tion a tubular casing, forming an air passage, a fuel jet leading to the air passage, a fuel valve conforming to the wall of the air passage for regulating the flow of fuel from the jet, a suction controlled air valve, means whereby a movement of the. air valve is made to cause a simultaneous movement of the fuel valve, said means including means whereby the movement of one of the valves with reference to the other may be regulated.

7. A carbureter comprising in combination a tubular casing forming an air passage, a fuel'jel leading to the air' passage, a fuel y'alve conforming to the wall of the air passage for regulating the flow of fuel from the jet, a suction controlled air valve, means whereby a movement of the air valve is made to cause a simultaneous movement of the fuel valve ata reduced rate.

8. A earbureter comprising in combination a tubular casing forming an air passage, a fuel iet leading to the air passage1 a rotary tulmlar fuel valve conforming to the wall of the air passage forregulating the flow of fuel from -the jet, a suction controlled ail' vrdve` and meansl whereby a movement of thel air valve. is made to cause a simultaneous rotary movement of the fuel valve at a dif ferent rate.

il. A carblueer colnprising in combina- -tion a tubular -casing forming an air passage, a fuel jel leading to the air passage, a rotary tubular fuel valve conforming. to the wall of the ailtpassage for regulating the.

flow of fuel froln Vthe jetv` a suction controlled.

air valve, and means whereby a movement of the air valve is made to canse a sunultaneous rol ary movement of the fuel valve Vat a different rate, said means 'including adjustable 4means whereby the movement of one of the. valves with respect to the other may be varied. V

10. carburetor comprising in combination a tubular easing forming an` air passage, a fuel jet leading lo said air passage, a tubular valv'c. conforming to the wall of the air [mssage for regulating the flow of fuel from -the jet, a suction controlled air valve, means conncctmfr the valves for controlllng the movement o? the valves wlth respect to the fuel mixture may be varied to oorre spond to the weather or .V altitude.

11. A carbureter comprising a tubular'easing forming an air passage having an 'enjlarged portion which constitutes a carburetlng chambe' and f \rmmg. a valve seat between the enlarged portion and another portion-` a flaring air-passage controlling valve movable Ioward and from the seat, fuel passages opening into the earbureting chamber along thevalve seat, and a fuel valve movable ovcr the discharge ends of the fuel pas sages to regulate the flow of fuel therefrom as the air passes into the mixing chamber.

l2. A\ carbureter comprising a tubular Casinl; forming| an air passage having an enlarged portion which constitutes a carbureting chamber and forming a valve seat between the enlarged portion and another portion, a flaring,air-passage controlling valve movable toward and from the. seat, fuel passages opening into the carbureting chamber along the valve seat, a fuel valve movable over the discharge ends of the fuel passages to regulate the flow of fuel therefrom as the air passes into the mixing chamber, and means whereby the air and fuel valve are caused to move in unison but at different rates.

1&5. A carbureter comprising a tubular Casing forming an air passage having an enlarged portion which constitutes a carburet ing chamber and forming a valve seat be.- lwcen the enlarged portion and another portion, a suction controlled air valve movable toward and from the scat, fuel passages ope-ning into the carbureting chamber along the valve seat, and a fuel valve movable over the discharge ends of the fuelpassages to regulate the flow of f uel therefrom as the air passes into the carbureting chamber.A

14. A carbureter comprising a tubular c: sing forming 'an air passage having an enlarged portion which col'istitu'tes a oar.;

hureting chamber and forming a valveseat between the enlarged portion and another portion, a suction controlled air valve'mov fuel valve. for causing the latter to be movedby the former but at a different rate.

15. A carburetor comprising al tubular casing forming an air passage. a fuel passage leading to the air passage. a suction lcontrolled air valve, said air valve having a stem, saidstem being movable longitudinally Iof and rotatable about its own axis, a seat for a fuel valve, and a rotatable fuel controlling valve to which the rotary Inove-v ment of the stem is imparted Without causing the valve to approach or recede from the seat whereby the flow of fuel through the fuel passage is controlled. y 1

16. A carburetor col'liprising a tubular casing forming an air passage, a fuel passage leading to the air passage, a suction controlled air valve, said airvalve having ya stem, said stein being movable longitudi- .col'itrolled air valve, said air valve having` a stein, said stem .being movable longitudr nally of and rotatable about its own axis, a vrotatable fuel. controllmg valve to which "the rotary movement of the stem 1s imparted. whereby the flow of fuel lthrouglrfthe fuel passage is controlled, and cani means whereby the rate of 'rotary movement of the fuel valvevvith respect to the rate of longitudinal ,movel'nent ofthe valve stem is controlled. i l. 18 1A carbureter comprising' a tubular casingforming an air passage, a lfuel pas sage [leading to the air passage, a.suction controlled, air valve," said air valvehaving a stem, said stem being movable lol'igitudi nally of' and. rotataliile about its own axis, a rotatable fuel 'clin'itrolling valve to which the rotary moven'ient of the stem is imparted whereby the flow of fuel through the fuel passage is controlled, cam means vvhere-A by the rate of rotary movement of the Ifuel valve with respect to the 'ateiof lfmgitudi nal movement of the valve stemis controlled, and means whereby the' cam means `may be initially adjusted Without disturbing the relative rates of n'ioven'ient of the ai and. fue] valves.

1,9. 'A .'carlmreter coi'nn'ising means for `forming an air passzxge, a fuel reservoir, a

plurality of fuel passages in. communication with Said reservoir, said passages opening into said. air passage through the Wall thereof, means for rtufulatingthe connnunication of the passages with 4the reservoir, said meansibeing operative at the discharge 'ends of said' pa:fisagesgI a suction' controlled" air valvila means wl'ie'reby a movement of the air valve is made to control the communication nallyof and. rotatalide about its own axis,

regulating means :For the fuel passages, and means for supplying an increased amount of fuel to the fuel passages upon ya sudde opening movement ofthe air valve.

20. A carbureter comprisingfmeans` fora forming an air passage. a fuelreservoir, 1, plurality of fuel p issages in communica-tio with said reservoir, said passages openin into said air passage through the-Wall there of, means for regu lating the communication 75 of the passages with 'thewreservoin ,saidy means being operanive at thefdischarge endl i of said passages, a suction controlled-a valve, means whereby a movement of, the air valve is made to control thecommunimfgo cation regulating meansfor the fuel pas-` sages, and means firdecreasing the amountlv of fuel suppliedy tothefuel passages uponi' a sudden closing n'iovementof` the air valve. l, 21. A. carburetei* comprising means for .85 forming an air passage, a fuel reservoinya g, plurality of fuel passages in communications-v with said reservoi:` "said passages openings into said air passatI e thi-'ough the Wall there, of, means for regulating the con'xmunicatiomr9() of the passages v'ith the reservoir, .safidii means being operai ive at the discharge vends: of said l'iassages, a suction controlled ia valve, n'ieans wheleby a movenient!ofathl air valve made to control the commu'l cation regulating `neans for the fuelfpa sages, and float meins tending to returm he*` n air valve to passate closing position. l1: 22.' A carbureter. :on'lprising atubular casing` forming an air passage, a fuel passage 10C leading to the air passage, a suction con trolled air valve, iaid air valve having` a stem, said stem biing mo Table longitudivnally of and rotatableabout its own axis, a` l rotatable fuel. conLroll-ing valve to which 10,5 the rotary i'i'iovemert of the stem is imparted whercbylthe flow of fuel throughwthe fuel passage is controlled,and float means conf' nected to the valve stern, said means tend-A ing to re'tllrli the aiwvalve to passage clbsin.;1 110 position. i y v 23. A irbureter comprising 4iircolnbination a tubular meu ber forn'ling an nir pas. sage, a second tubular member in alinement therewith, a thin ri '1g-like jet plate clampedy 115 between the members, Asaid jet ]')late`having af series of notches in Yits inner edge, said notches extending `Lhrough the jet plate in, a direction parallel to the axis of the tubular n'ien'ibers, one o' the mel'nbers including 120 l between the. members, said jet plate having lziegy A/,l a series of notches in its inner edge, said' notches extending through the jet plate in a direction parallel to the axis of the tubular members, one of the members including means for sum] 1in(r fuel to the notches a.V

ll l n a flaring suction /controlled air valve arranged to approach 'or recede from the notches to regulate the ujidth of the air current, and a tubularl fuel "valve movable across the notches to regulate the tiosv of fue] therefrom.

25. A; .arb'ureter comprising in combination a tubular member forming an air passage, a second tubular member in alinement therewith, a thin ring-like jet plate clamped between the members, said jet plate having a Seriesv of notches in its inner edge, said notches extending through the jet plate in a direction parallel to the axis of the tubular members, one of the members il'icluding means for supplying fuel to the notches, a flaring suction controlled air valve arranged to approach or recede fromr the notches to regulate the Width of the air current, and a tubular fuel valve movablev across the notches to regulate the flow of fuel therefrom, said fuel valve being controlled by the air valve. y

2G. A carbureter comprising a body forming an air passage, a main fuel reservoir, a fuel passage extending from the main fuel reservoir to the air passage, an auxiliary fuel ,A

close the valve and to lower the level of the.

fuel in the main reservoir when the air valve suddenly closes.

27. A carlnireter comprising a tubular casing forming an air passage having an enlarged portion which constitutes a mixing chamber, means for detlecting the air current into the enlarged portion in a thin stream the elements of which Adiverge from one another, fuel passages opening into the air passage at points opposite the a'ir defiecting means, and atlaring fuel valve having surface, grooves parallel to the direction of fiovv of the thin stream of air for regulating the flow of fuel at the discharge ends of the fuel passages. f

CHARLES L. NEDOMA. 

